Damages of Diabetic Complications

Clinically, diabetes are classified into two types, with Diabete I being caused by insufficient insulin secretion of βcells and Diabete II being caused by other three factors, namely, structurally abnormal insulin secretion ofβcells, low sensitivity to insulin stimulation of receptors, dysfunction of glycoprotein.

Due to gene defects, there are obstacles in insulin secretion and being received by receptors. As a result, glucose, aliphatic acid and amino acid can not be transported to body cells. The retention of these substances easily leads to Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipemia and Hyperlipoproteinemia.

The retention of these substances increases the viscosity of blood and slows down the speed of blood circulation. Thus, lipoprotein will gradually deposit on vascular endothelial cells and forms lipid capsule. The deposition of lipoprotein can also trigger the Oxidative damage mechanism. Lipid peroxidation gives birth to mass of radicals which are destructive to cell membrane. As cell membranes are exactly where insulin receptors exist, the damages of cell membrane aggravates the insensitivity to insulin of these receptors. In addition, the formation of lipid capsule also obstacles the connection between insulin and insulin receptors, which further enhance the illness condition of glucose, lipid and protein retention in blood.

Insufficient amino acid absorption of the Liver and muscle leads to decline of protein synthesis and metabolism and increase of protein catabolism. And this gives rise to negative nitrogen balance.

Due to problems with insulin secretion or reception, glucose can not be used to support cellular metabolic activities, so there will be more lipodieresis which increases the lipid content in blood. The oxidation of aliphatic in the liver gives birth to mass of ketenes which are harmful to the body.