Classification of Proteinuria

The composition of Proteinuria can be divided into some types:


1. Albumin, accounts for 1/3 is from plasma protein.


2. Smaller than the albumin molecular weight of protein, such as light chain of myohemoglobin, β2-microglobulin, immune globulin and small amount enzymes comes from blood, such as Lysozyme, Amylase, Lactic Dehydrogenase, etc.


3. Tissue proteins, which is secreted by Urinary System.


When Urinary Protein is over 150mg/24h, we call it Proteinuria. According to the origin of Urine Protein and formative mechanism of Proteinuria, Proteinuria can be divided into six kinds:


First, is Glomerular Proteinuria: because of damaged Glomerular Filtration Membrane, increased sizes of apertures, or due to reduction and vanish of negative charges on glomerular capillary wall, filtration barrier loses the function of static barrier. Plasma protein, especially large amount of Albumins enter Bowman's capsule, which exceeds reabsorption function from proximal tubule to protein and forms Proteinuria, it is called Glomerular Proteinuria. The feature gives priority to rising Albumin, which accounts for above 70% with normal or tiny increased β2-microglobulin; when Glomerular Filtration Barrier is severely damaged with expanding and increasing filter membrane gap, large molecular weight protein, such as excretion of Immunoglobulin G will also increase.


Tubular Proteinuria: because of kidney tubules damage caused by kidney tubules inflammation and poisoning, micro-molecular protein of Glomerular filtration can not be fully absorbed by kidney tubules and form Proteinuria, which is called Tubular Proteinuria. Protein in urine gives priority to increasing of β2-microglobulin, Lysozyme and other micro-molecular protein. Normal or tiny increased albumin. Discharge rate of Urine Protein everyday is generally less than 1g.


Histic Proteinuria: during the course of urine formation, protein which caused by kidney tubules metabolism as well as damage and degradation of nephridial tissue, and the excretion by stimulation of inflammation or medicine to urinary system go into terminal urine, this kind of urine called Histic Proteinuria. Its protein test usually appears +-/+ with urinary protein is 0.15--1.0g/24h.


Overflow Proteinuria: functions of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption are normal, but because increasing of unusual protein in blood, these micro-molecular protein can be filtered through glomerulus, with increasing of spillage, kidney tubules can not absorb these protein, so Proteinuria occurs, which is called Overflow Proteinuria. Its protein test usually appears+--++, light chain and Bence-Jones protein can be examined from urine, or it contains hemosiderin and appears positive reaction.


Mixed Proteinuria: both Glomerulus and kidney tubules are all damaged, small and medium molecular weight protein in urine are all increase.


False Proteinuria: Urinary Tract disease of kidney can cause large amount of pus, blood, mucus and other substances which contain protein, Urine Protein may appear positive, it is called False Proteinuria.

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The Pathogeny of Urine Protein

Physiological Proteinuria can commonly be seen after high protein diet intake, psychokinesia, strenuous exercises, chilling for a long time, pregnancy etc will cause temporal Proteinuria, with which the Urine Protein Qualitative is less than +.


In general, continuous Proteinuria often represents kidney disease. The amount of Urine Protein reflects the degree of lesion, and people can observe according to its efficacy clinically. However, in particular, to the end stage of glomerular abnormalities, because large amount of damaged nephrons, the leaching of protein reduces, which is not mean to lighten kidney disease.


Proteinuria caused by the reasons besides kidney disease


Most of Proteinuria caused by the reasons besides kidney disease is benign; Proteinuria may vanish after other diseases are cured.


Hot Proteinuria


When patients with the fever caused by cold reaching up above 38℃, Proteinuria will occur.


Stand Proteinuria.


The occurrence of Proteinuria caused by forward flexion of spine oppressing the vessels of kidney of young people, which may disappear around 30 years old of the people without treatment.


Cyanotic kidney


People with renal venous stasis, such as heart failure will appear Urine Protein. However, it will vanish after disappearing of blood stasis.


Proteinuria caused by kidney diseases


It is obvious that people with kidney disease always appear urine protein after urine routine.


Nephritis


It can be divided into Acute Nephritis and Chronic Nephritis.


Nephrotic Syndrome


The protein from urine will decrease the density of protein. In addition, it is also caused by other conditions, such as Diabetic Nephropathy, Amyloidosis, collagen disease etc.


Nephrosclerosis


Nephrosclerosis caused by Essential Hypertension has less urine volume, which is mostly less than 300mg.


In addition, Multiple Myeloma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Rheumatic Arthritis, Gout, Edema as well as Mercurialism and lead poisoning will cause Urine Protein.

Is Kidney Transplant the only Treatment for Renal Failure

At present, dialysis and kidney transplant are the most common treatment methods for Renal failure. Yes, dialysis and kidney transplant are really very important treatment for patients of renal failure, and kidney transplant has solved the life of many patients or at least it prolongs the life of the patients to some extent. While, is kidney transplant the only treatment for renal function?

For patients with rather poor renal function, kidney transplant may be the best choice for them if they are suitable for this operation and don’t have the contraindications for kidney transplant. Although, at present, babies of several months and elder people of eighty can adopt kidney transplant, the more suitable age for the operation is 13 to 60 years old considering the effects and recovery for the operation. Of course, if the patients’ condition is allowable, this limitation can be extended properly. But when the patients are older than 55 years, the complications of the operation will increase and the risk will increase. For the patients with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, they need to take treatment for them. And after one month after the recovery of the liver function the patients can adopt kidney transplant. And patients with the following disease are not suitable for kidney transplant: mental disease, chronic respiratory function failure, heart failure, coagulation system disorders and so on. Besides, patients with serious coronary disease or some kinds of nephritis and patients with serious polycystic kidney disease accompanied with serious polycystic liver disease need to be cautious for the kidney transplant.



Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy. The adoption of Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy effectively protects kidney function from further decline, and creates a favorable environment for damaged cells’ self-repairing, but the recovering of cells by Chinese medicine is relatively fragile and slow. Then stem cell works in two aspects, A) help with repairing damages of other body parts (like blood vessel damages), and this consolidates the favorable environment for damaged cells self-repairing. B). help with repairing these damaged kidney cells, and provide them with necessary materials. Based on restoring functions of damaged cells, the overall kidney function can enjoy an improvement, but his improvement extent is not satisfying, and especially for end stage kidney failure patients.

Live with Kidney Transplant

How long people live with kidney transplant mainly depends on matching quality, the age of donator and working efficiency chance of transplanted kidney.

Matching quality


The key to long-time live is from a kidney which is closest with your blood and tissue, that is expected to the least rejection from you own body. The closer the relation between donator and receptor, the better the matching quality. Generally, kidney from living donators lasts longer than that from dead ones. Therefore the best choice for long-term working of transplanted kidney is from your biological family members, then others who are willing to offer his or her organ, and eventually deceased.

Age of donator


New discovery reveals that kidney transplant lifespan depends on more donator’s age than receptor’s age. For the reason that, aging and renal aging are associated with changes in the genes expressed in the body, and that process of change is lifelong and that a possible new target in improving graft survival should include looking at strategies that may alter programmed aging in donor transplanted kidneys.

Working chance of donated kidney


Working efficiency chance of donated kidney at the set time point is another factor which affects the lifespan with kidney transplant. Here a chart for your reference.

Working efficiency chance	years after transplant
90%	one year
60%	five years
50%	ten years

Form this view, younger patients may need twice or more times of kidney transplant. If the kidneys they received fail, they need to restart their dialysis and go back to waiting list.

Each year the number in waiting list grows in a large degree and many patients who have registered for kidney transplant passed away during their waiting for donator. So patients who are undergoing long-term waiting are advised to look for effective therapies to repair their renal function. As long as you still remain renal function, namely you can perform urination, there is hope for your remedy.

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Can Patients with FSGS Drink Alcohol

For many people, drinking alcohol is a pleasure in their life. However, for the patients with FSGS, they are generally not recommended to drink alcohol for it may cause the following impacts on them.

1. For the patients on medications, alcohol can complicate how medications work. They should check with the doctor about drinking alcohol while on medication.

2. Drinking can increase the chance of developing blood pressure. It can accelerate the renal function deterioration rate. If the patients have high blood pressure it can make it harder to keep the blood pressure controlled.

3. Large amount of alcohol consumption can cause much damage to heart, thus elevating the risks of developing heart failure which is one of major death causes of FSGS.

4. Alcohol can impair kidney cells directly and increase the risk of needing dialysis for the patients with FSGS.

5. As many patients with FSGS suffer from hyperlipidaemia, the carbohydrate load in alcohol can deteriorate this condition significantly.

6. Drinking alcohol can lower the body's immune system, which makes it easier for the relapse of the disease.

In terms of the impacts on body, the patients with FSGS are not recommended to drink alcohol. If they do this, they should get OK from their doctors firstly.

Apart from abandoning alcohol, the following diet tips also work well in slowing the disease progress.

Low calorie beverages

The beverages plays a role in management of the kidney disease. The patients should limit the fluid intake to prevent retention of fluid so as to relieve swelling. They can drink water, low-fat milk and clear soft drinks and restrict cola soft drinks are rich in phosphoric acid which can elevate phosphorus in blood.

Lean meats

If the patients with FSGS develop renal insufficiency, they should eat 0.6g of protein per kg of body weight each day. As poultry and lean meats are loaded in proteins, the patients should limit its intake to avoid putting additional strain on the kidneys.

Also, the patients should reduce the intake of foods high in phosphorus, sodium.
As the patients' conditions varies from case to case, the patients with FSGS should discuss with their doctor or dietitian before making a kidney diet plan.

Creatinine Level 3.44, What Does It Mean

“My creatinine level is 3.44, what does it mean?” As a lab value, creatinine connects to your muscles and kidneys. What does creatinine speak for your muscle and renal condition?

What is creatinine?

Creatinine, also known as serum creatinine, is the metabolic byproducts of muscles. In normal condition, creatinine should be removed out by kidney which has function to discharge internal toxins. If your creatinine level is higher than normal range, there is something wrong with your muscles or renal function.
What’s the normal range of creatinine level?

A normal range is 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL for men and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/dL for women. Women usually have lower results, because they have less muscle than men. Besides, reference range varies in different counties and different laboratories.
Lower level of normal range usually means your muscular contraction, such as muscular dystrophy or myasthenia gravis etc.

Higher level of reference range usually reveals damage to your renal function. Let’s take the level 3.44 for example. You may step into CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) stage III, in which you are experiencing high blood pressure, the increase of PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) and the changes of protein. Renal anemia may be another signal. So you may have risk in the following disease:

Acute tubular necrosis
Diabetic nephropathy
Glomerulonephritis
Kidney failure
Pyelonephritis
Reduced kidney blood flow (shock, congestive heart failure)
Rhabdomyolysis
Urinary tract obstruction
If you are woman, you may undergo
Eclampsia (a condition of pregnancy that includes seizures)
Preeclampsia (pregnancy-induced hypertension)

All of these diseases are for your reference. The final diagnosis can’t be made only with creatinine level. If you can provide other reference index, our online staffs are glad to provide exact answer.

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What Are the Common Complications of FSGS

FSGS is commonly seen in both children and adults. It refers to a disorder, in which the filters (glomeruli) in kidneys are inflamed. For long-term use of hormone and cytotoxic agents and kidney damage, the patients with FSGS usually experience a series of complications, as follows:

Infection

Infection is commonly seen in FSGS. Proteins are important nutrients and antibodies in body. For massive protein leakage in FSGS, the levels of IgG and complement proteins decrease. As a result, the immunity weakens thus resulting in high risk of developing infections which can cause the relapse of the disease and even threaten the patients’ life.

Malnutrition

Proteins are the main nutrients and they are the major sources of energy for systemic organs and tissues. The patients with FSGS are very susceptible to the experience malnutrition for protein leakages. If the body can not get sufficient nutrients supply, it can cause amyotrophy and slow down the skeletal development. That is why the children with FSGS are shorter than the healthy children of the same age.

Anemia

Proteins are responsible for carrying iron to every part in body. Due to protein leakages, there is no sufficient iron for transporting iron thus resulting in anemia.

High blood pressure

High blood pressure is a common complication of FSGS. It is mainly attributable to two causes. Firstly, the glomeruli can not discharge excess fluid from body thus resulting in increased blood volume. Secondly, for renal ischemia and anoxia, more angiotensin is produced thus contracting blood vessels.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is commonly seen in FSGS for vitamin deficiency. Vitamin D binds to proteins in blood. Some vitamin D will leak into urine along with proteins.

How to Lower High Creatinine Level in FSGS in Natural Ways

FSGS can be seen in both children and adults. It is a major cause of ESRD for adults. As the glomeruli (filters) in kidneys are sclerotic partially, the kidneys are not capable of functioning adequately, resulting in accumulation of metabolic wastes in blood. As a result, the creatinine level will be higher than normal. So, how to lower high creatinine level in FSGS effectively?

Keep a healthy diet

The creatinine is the end products of creatine in muscle. Too much consumption of meat can produce more creatinine in blood. Therefore, the patients should limit their daily intake of meat strictly.

Avoid strenuous exercise

Strenuous exercise can accelerate the metabolism of creatine in muscle thus producing more creatine in body. This will inevitably put much strain on kidneys when it is excreted by kidneys. So the patients with FSGS should avoid strenuous exercise and take part in aerobic exercise jogging, bicycling, swimming etc.

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can remove creatinine and other metabolic wastes in blood thus lowering high creatinine in FSGS. Meanwhile, it can restore the impaired kidney tissues and recover the excretory function of the kidneys.

① Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is an external therapy. When it is performed on body, it can open up pores. A part of toxins in body can be passed out of body through pores.

② The effective medicines can dilate systemic blood vessels and improve microcirculation in kidneys. Therefore, it can boost the excretion of metabolic wastes thus lowering high creatinine level.

③ Micro-Chinese medicine can activate the reproduction of DNA of the impaired renal functional cells, thus restoring the injured kidneys.

When the kidneys are restored very well, their excretory function will improve significantly. As a result, the high creatinine will decline gradually.
Stem Cell Therapy can treat FSGS from its underlying cause. Therefore, the patients can have a complete recovery without relapse.

FSGS with GFR 17

FSGS is a hard disease to treat and the renal function deteriorates at a very fast speed. How to treat it with GFR 17?

GFR 17 means that FSGS is in stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease. Without timely control, dialysis or renal transplantation will be required soon. Then, is there alternative therapy to FSGS along with GFR 17?

FSGS is an immune-mediated disorder, in which the immune system attacks the healthy kidney tissues and cells mistakenly. Immune system is a strong protective system in body and it can defeat the foreign pathological substances when they invade body

In FSGS, the foreign bacteria such as upper respiratory tract infection activates the immune system to defeat the infection bacteria. However, for immune dysregulation, the immune system fails to defeat the bacteria or other pathological substances. As a result, these foreign substances may combine with the antibodies to form immune complexes in blood, afterwards, flow into kidneys. To clear up the immune complexes, the body activates an inflammatory response to remove them, thus leading to inflammatory response in kidney. The inflammatory response may attract more and more inflammatory mediator to aggravate the immune injury in kidneys. As a result, the kidney tissues and cells will become sclerotic and finally necrotic finally.

Immunotherapy is the latest therapy for FSGS. The main types of immunotherapy now being used to treat FSGS are as follows:

Monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies are very useful in treating FSGS and it is designed to stop the attack to kidneys by suppressing T lymphocytes activation and over-reactive immune response. In this way, it can stop the immune inflammatory response immediately.

Blood purification

Blood purification can remove the metabolic toxins such as creatinine, urea as well as pathological antibodies in blood. It can eliminate the inducing factors of inflammatory response.

What Are the Chance of MCD Progressing into FSGS

MCD mainly occurs in children, accounting for 80% cases. It has a favorable prognosis and approximately 90% of the patients are sensitive to hormone. However, its relapse rate is as high as 60%. The patients with frequent relapse are susceptible to develop hormone-resistance or hormone-dependence. MCD can be reversed completely by early and proper treatment. Conversely, if the patients experience frequent relapses, the disease is much likely to turn into Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis and FSGS.

FSGS is a very hard condition to manage. It is reported that the patients will develop Renal Failure within 5~10 years once they are confirmed with the disease. In FSGS, a large part of glomeruli(filters) in kidneys are sclerotic and lose their normal filtering and barrier function. Thereby, a large amount of protein pass through glomeruli, ending up in urine.

So how to prevent MCD from progressing into FSGS?

If the patients with MCD are insensitive to hormone or suffer from frequent episodes, they should seek for an alternative therapy immediately to stop the disease progression.

Immunotherapy is the state-of-the-art therapy for MCD and FSGS. It treats disease aiming at enhancing or suppressing immune response. The ways of immunotherapy used in treating the disease include:

Monoclonal antibody

Monoclonal antibody can bind to and inhibit the activation of T cells to restrain over-reactive immune inflammatory response. In this way, it can rapidly stop further immune injury to kidneys.

Blood purification

Blood purification can clear up the dissociative pathological antibodies,antigens, immune complexes as well as inflammatory factors and harmful substances. Thus, it can stop them from depositing in kidneys further.

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy

Blood purification only works for the harmful substances in blood, but the immune deposits still remain in kidneys to cause damage to kidneys. Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can degrade the immune deposits in kidneys and make them dissolve in blood. Finally, the immune complexes will be filtered by kidneys completely. Also, it can correct immune dysregulation. By this way, the disease will be controlled from its underlying cause.

If MCD is inhibited from progressing, the patients will avoid developing FSGS completely.

Respiratory and Digestive Problem in Chronic Renal Failure

Many patients with Chronic Renal Failure is afflicted with respiratory and digestive problems. In severe case, these problems may interrupt their daily activity significantly and even threaten their life. So, how do these problems occur and how to relieve them effectively?

Respiratory problem in Chronic Renal Failure

Metabolic acidosis is a major cause of respiratory problem. It can cause deep and rapid breath and severely irregular hear beat and even coma. Metabolic acidosis is attributable to the imbalance of acid-base in body. In Renal Failure, impaired kidneys lose the normal regulatory function and the alcaline substances can not neutralize the acid, thus leading to the problem.

Blood collection in lung is also attributable factors for respiratory problems in Chronic Renal Failure. As the impaired kidneys are not function normally to filter extra fluid from body, it will build up in body. In severe case, the lung and even blood vessels at all levels may be filled with fluid. Thus, it can cause difficult and short breath, etc.

Digestive Problem in Chronic Renal Failure

Digestive problems in Chronic Renal Failure mainly include nausea, vomiting, bleeding, etc. Usually, these problems appear along with elevated BUN.

Urea is the end product of proteins and it is filtered out of body by kidneys normally. However, in Chronic Renal Failure, the diseased kidneys fail to finish its job, thus resulting in high levels of urea in body. The urease can decompose the urea into ammonia which can irritate intestinal tract, resulting in digestion disorder.

Usually, dialysis can relieve the mentioned problems by filtering extra fluid and metabolic wastes from body. However, dialysis alone is not enough to manage all the complications of Chronic Renal Failure like skin itching. That is because dialysis only removes the macromolecular toxins like creatinine, BUN, but the remaining toxins like PTH, IL 6, etc still remain in body to do further damage to kidneys. Therefore, the patients' renal function still keep aggravating with dialysis going on.

As the respiratory and digestive Problems are related to impaired kidneys, the primary goal of the treatment should focus on rebuilding the kidney structure and reversing renal function.

Why People with Chronic Renal Failure Have Restless Leg Syndrome

Restless leg syndrome is a common disorder in advanced Chronic Renal Failure. It can make the patients feel extremely uncomfortable and even disturb their sleep. What factors can attribute to restless leg syndrome and how to treat it?

What is restless leg syndrome?

Restless leg syndrome is a disorder, in which the patients feel an uncomfortable sensation in the legs and are compelled to move them. This syndrome usually occurs along with painful sensation, burning sensation and pricking.

What causes of restless leg syndrome in Chronic Renal Failure?

Nerve damage

Diabetes can contribute to restless leg syndrome. Diabetes can damage nerves and tiny blood vessels, thus resulting in the disorder. If the patients have a tight control of blood glucose level, the uncomfortable sensations will be relieved.
Deficient iron and EPO

Healthy kidneys can produce EPO, which is a hormone that helps make red blood cells. However, in Chronic Renal Failure, the malfunctioned kidneys only make little or produce no EPO at all. With low iron levels and fewer red blood cells being made, anemia commonly develop in Chronic Renal Failure.

Low PTH

Increased PTH can increase the patients' risk of developing bone diseases. Therefore, they are usually prescribed medications to control its level tightly. Some researches show that a common trait among patients with restless leg syndrome is that they have low PTH levels.

Treatment for restless leg syndrome in Chronic Renal Failure

After the patients discuss the problem with their doctor, the doctors will firstly make a diagnosis to find out the specific causes. Usually, the following treatment methods are adopted, including

Massage

Warm baths

EPO injection

Iron supplement

Altering PTH treatment

The above treatment methods can relieve the symptoms and discomforts. However, as restless leg syndrome results from impaired kidney function. The primary goal of the therapy should aim to restore the impaired kidney structure and recover its secretory and excretory function. Once the kidneys are restored very well, the relative symptoms and discomforts related to Chronic Renal Failure will disappear gradually.

Know about Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic Nephropathy is one of the most serious complications coming from Diabetes. It is also the major culprits accounting for the deaths of diabetics. Since we have already know the serious consequences of the disease, then how to prevent it from happening and progressing?

The main pathological changes of Diabetic Nephropathy occur in glomerulosclerosis, hyaline change in renal arteriole, the thickening of glomerular basement membrane and expanded mesangial area etc. Diabetic Nephropathy usually is divided into five stages in line with the severity of illness condition. In stage one, no obvious pathological changes occur. The kidney volume enlarged in some patients. In stage 2, still no significant symptoms appear. Sometimes, the patients may suffer from a elevated blood pressure. When the medical condition progresses to stage 3, proteinuria attacks along with the high blood pressure. There stands a chance to reverse the condition in this stage. But if left untreated or choose to ignore, the disease will progress to stage 4 rapidly, which is also called clinical diabetic kidney disease. It is characterized as heavy and persistent albuminuria in accordance with the increasingly elevated blood pressure. ESRD or End-stage Renal Disease shows up when one’s serum creatinine level exceeds 2.0mg/dl. More often than not, Patients with ESRD often live with notably swelling and high blood pressure.

According to the serum creatinine (Scr) level, ESRD can be classified into 3 stages. The first stage is called Chronic Renal Insufficiency as its serum creatinine is no less than 2.0mg/dl. Chronic Renal Failure occurs as the Scr exceeds 5.0mg/dl, this is the second stage. If one’s Scr level reaches up to 8.0mg/dl, then uremia (End-stage Renal Failure) it is.

Here I kindly remind that the diabetics receive dialysis much earlier than ESRD patients induced by other diseases. This is mainly because the diabetes is much more serious than any other diseases. For those who live with diabetes for years, take regular work-ups is vital to your quality of life. Monitor your kidney function from time to time by receiving right tests.

Damages of Diabetic Complications

Clinically, diabetes are classified into two types, with Diabete I being caused by insufficient insulin secretion of βcells and Diabete II being caused by other three factors, namely, structurally abnormal insulin secretion ofβcells, low sensitivity to insulin stimulation of receptors, dysfunction of glycoprotein.

Due to gene defects, there are obstacles in insulin secretion and being received by receptors. As a result, glucose, aliphatic acid and amino acid can not be transported to body cells. The retention of these substances easily leads to Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipemia and Hyperlipoproteinemia.

The retention of these substances increases the viscosity of blood and slows down the speed of blood circulation. Thus, lipoprotein will gradually deposit on vascular endothelial cells and forms lipid capsule. The deposition of lipoprotein can also trigger the Oxidative damage mechanism. Lipid peroxidation gives birth to mass of radicals which are destructive to cell membrane. As cell membranes are exactly where insulin receptors exist, the damages of cell membrane aggravates the insensitivity to insulin of these receptors. In addition, the formation of lipid capsule also obstacles the connection between insulin and insulin receptors, which further enhance the illness condition of glucose, lipid and protein retention in blood.

Insufficient amino acid absorption of the Liver and muscle leads to decline of protein synthesis and metabolism and increase of protein catabolism. And this gives rise to negative nitrogen balance.

Due to problems with insulin secretion or reception, glucose can not be used to support cellular metabolic activities, so there will be more lipodieresis which increases the lipid content in blood. The oxidation of aliphatic in the liver gives birth to mass of ketenes which are harmful to the body.

How to Control Blood Glucose through Diet for Diabetes

Diabetes is a systemic metabolic abnormalities disease with the symptoms of polyphagia, polydipsia and dieresis mainly. It is caused by lack of insulin secretion, leading to carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism disorder, resulting in too much glucose in the blood. So the glucose goes through the kidneys and is discharged through urine. Besides timely treatment, proper diet is also important.

Diabetes patients should eat vegetables that contain low sugar. The vegetables that contain only 1% to 3% of sugar are: cabbage, bitter gourd, spinach, rape, celery, leeks, cucumber, melon, eggplant, tomato, towel gourd, wild rice, bamboo shoots, cauliflower, zucchini, green bean sprouts, fresh mushrooms.
The vegetables that contain about 4% of sugar are: carrot, bell pepper, pumpkin.
The vegetables that contain more than 4% of sugar are: cowpea, lentils, carrots, garlic.

Potatoes contain 20% of sugar so if the patients eat it, they should eat less staple food.

In a variety of vegetables, cabbage, bitter gourd and pumpkin should be particularly worth mentioning. Cabbage contains less sugar, but it is slightly sweet. So many patients don’t want to eat cabbage. That is a common misconception.

The bitter gourd is a little bit bitter but it is rich in vitamin C. Per 100 grams of bitter gourd contains 84 mg of vitamin C, which is enough for the daily requirement of an ordinary person. The researchers have isolated insulin-like substances from bitter gourd, which may have the function of reducing blood glucose. Therefore, bitter gourd is often used as a kind of food therapy for Diabetes patients. However, its function of reducing blood glucose still needs further study.

Food therapy is the therapeutic foundation of treating Diabetes, which is one of the most fundamental treatment methods. No matter what type of Diabetes with different severity or complications, or whether the patients take insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents, strict diet should be followed.

Why Does Diabetes Lead To Impotence

Impotence is a common complication of Diabetes. It can occur in 50~70% cases of patients over age 50. In the young patients, the incidence is slightly lower and it is about 20~30%. So, why does Diabetes lead to impotence?

It is attributable to several factors. As follows:

Firstly, Diabetes is a systemic disorder and it can cause diverse metabolic disorders. The patients often suffer from peripheral nerves damage, autonomic nerves and capillary injury. Generally speaking, erectile dysfunction in male patients is mainly related to nerve pathological change.

Secondly, impotence may occur when sex neurons are involved.

Thirdly, for metabolic disorders, less sex hormone is produced in body thus causing dysfunction and impotence.

What’s more, for high glucose level and fat level in blood, it is very likely to cause blood blockage and arteriolosclerosis. As a result, it will result in vascular narrowing and insufficient blood supplement thus resulting in impotence.
Meanwhile, irrational use of drugs can also give rise to impotence.

The above article has introduced the common causes of impotence in Diabetes. If you suffer from the problem, you should go for further inspection to find out its specific cause and take relative measures to relieve it.

Besides impotence, if the patients with Diabetes have a poor control of blood glucose, it will cause a series of complications such as Diabetic Nephropathy, Diabetic Foot, coronary diseases etc.

Diabetes is the most cause of Renal Failure in western countries. However, in the early stage of Diabetic Nephropathy, the patients do not present any noticeable symptoms. In most cases, it will develop into at least stage 3 and the patients have showed obvious clinical symptoms such as swelling, edema, high blood pressure etc. If the patients have a long history of Diabetes, they should go for further inspections to find out if it is related to renal injury.

Diabetes:Side Effects of Insulin

Insulin has been widely used up to now ever since it was invented. It saves many Diabetic patients’ lives. Until now, there are many side effects of insulin that have not been solved. These side effects scare patients with Diabetes.



1. pain



Of course you may feel pain upon injection because your skin is penetrated by a sharp needle. Compared with other injection or vaccination, insulin injection is not that painful.


2. Hypoglycemia


Hypoglycemia after insulin injection is a serious problem which may lead patient to coma, especially asymptomatic Hypoglycemia. But the likelihood of Type 2 Diabetic patients getting Hypoglycemia after an insulin injection is lesser and mild. Hypoglycemia is a common issue of patients who undergo insulin therapy.


3. Fat pad


Fat pad usually results from long-term insulin injection on the same site causing subcutaneous fat proliferation. Fat pad may affect the local absorption of insulin. Changing of injection site regularly helps to avoid formation of fat pad.


4. Insulin resistance


Insulin resistance may come out after a certain period of insulin injection bring about increase in dosage of insulin. Insulin resistance might associate with some impurity substances. Most of the insulin using clinically nowadays are highly purified so insulin resistance is not very common today.


5. Weight gain


Many Type 2 Diabetic patients have weigh gain after a period of insulin therapy. Patients can readjust their diet and add some exercise to balance the absorption and consumption of calories.


6. Edema


Edema may take place after 4-6 days of insulin therapy, some may be seen on extremities but most are found on faces. Such edema is mild and temporary and it will disappear by itself in one month.


7. Local bruise


Some patients notice that there will be local bruise after insulin injection. Actually, local bruise not only appears after insulin injection but also other injections. Such local bruise is caused by capillary damage while injecting and it will be absorbed soon without any intervention. The patients may pressure the injection site for seconds to avoid local hematoma.


8. Lipoatrophy


Lipoatrophy is not common clinically; it can be divided into congenital and acquired. Lipoatrophy after insulin injection is acquired lipoatrophy. Formation of lipoatrophy after insulin injection is not yet fully understood. However, it is noticed that lipoatrophy might be avoided by using highly purified insulin and regularly injection site change.


9. Allergy


Just like lipoatrophy after insulin injection, allergy is also seldom seen after insulin injection. Presence of local or general allergy after insulin injection depends on personal condition. Local allergy usually appears 2-12 hours after injection and it will lasts for about 2 hours then disappear. General allergy is severer than local allergy, patients may experience edematous face and oral mucous membrane, difficulty of breath, asthma or even shock. General allergy usually occurs on patients who resume insulin therapy after several months continuation.


10. Skin infection


Skin infection of Diabetic patients can be caused by various reasons and insulin therapy is not the leading cause. There are excessive glucose contained in Diabetic patients' tissue and it provides a favorable environment for bacterium and viruses. Improper and non-sterile injection also increases the chance of skin infection. And the infection may get severe because Diabetic patients have weak resistance and immunity.


Although the side effects of insulin injection are many, they actually can be avoided by proper injection. They are easy to be avoided so Diabetic patients should confront insulin therapy objectively. Besides, insulin injection is not the curative method of treating Diabetes; Diabetic patients should participate correct treatment actively in order to free themselves from Diabetes as soon as possible.

The Possible Result of Diabetes

Whether diabetes will develop or they will develop other disease like kidney disorder, eye problem, and foot problem etc. If they have a good control of blood sugar, can they keep a healthy life?

1. Patients with diabetes can recover. That is to say diabetes can be cured. But Cure is rare and almost nobody can be cured completely because diabetes is a lifelong disease. Presently, nobody can guarantee that he can completely cure diabetes and there is not any medicine can cure diabetes at all.

2. Rapidly aggravation causing a death. Children and elderly people with diabetes are likely to have an acute onset of diabetes which easily causes death. In addition, the acute complications of diabetes have a high mortality. So patients with diabetes need to pay more attention to the onset of diabetic complications. In daily life, controlling blood sugar is a good way to prevent diabetic complication.

3. Diabetes is a lifelong disease which may accompany you for the rest of life. Most diabetes sufferers can get this kind of disease. People with lifelong diabetes have two results as the followed.

Some people can live with diabetes after scientific and suitable treatment. They can enjoy the normal life except for taking medicine every day. They can live longer and do something that they like to do. They can work and live a full life as normally as possible.

Others can suffer a lot due to the improper treatment who may experience some diabetic complications like diabetic nephropathy, eye problems, and heart disease and so on. Diabetes and the complications not only affect the patient but also the family members. Patients are likely to live a low-quality life and life span may be shortened.

This is the possible result of diabetes. Living a happy and normal life is possible for diabetics only if they have a suitable and proper treatment. Presently, stem cell transplant, the newest treatment has been used to treat diabetes.

Should the Patients with Diabetes Avoid Coffee or Not

Coffee is a popular drink worldwide. It can help us drive away drowsiness and make us fresher. However, should the patients with Diabetes avoid drinking it or not?

Some studies show that the coffee drinkers, especially those who drink a lot of may carry a lower risk of developing Diabetes. There is something about coffee that fights type 2 Diabetes---but it isn’t caffeine.

An experiment conducted by Duck University proves that caffeine makes it hard for people with Diabetes to control their blood sugar. It can disrupt the glucose metabolism and may contribute to the development and poor control of type 2 Diabetes. In the experiment, the patients were asked to drink two cups of coffee at each meal and their blood sugar levels were 8 percent higher than before. The caffeine can compromise the treatment aimed at controlling their blood glucose.

However, some other components in it besides caffeine may be beneficial in long-term in reduction of Diabetes risk. Therefore, the patients with Diabetes or people at risk of developing the disease should choose decaf in their daily life.

Diabetes Can Cause Any Other Diabetic Complications of The Body.

1. Diabetes, Heart Disease and Stroke

If you have diabetes, you are at least twice as likely as someone who does not have diabetes to have heart disease or a stroke. People with diabetes also tend to develop heart disease or have strokes at an earlier age than other people. Women who have not gone through menopause usually have less risk of heart disease than men of the same age.

People with diabetes who have already had one heart attack run an even greater risk of having a second one. In addition, heart attacks in people with diabetes are more serious and more likely to result in death. High blood glucose levels over time can lead to increased deposits of fatty materials on the insides of the blood vessel walls. These deposits may affect blood flow, increasing the chance of clogging and hardening of blood vessels (atherosclerosis).

2. Diabetic Retinopathy (Eye Disease)

Diabetic retinopathy is the medical term for the most common diabetes eye problem.

Diabetes can affect the eyes in several ways. Frequently, the effects are temporary and can be corrected with better diabetes control. However, long-term diabetes can cause changes in the eyes that threaten vision. Stable blood glucose levels and yearly eye examinations can help reduce the risk of serious eye damage.

Blurred vision is one effect of diabetes can have on the eyes. The reason may be that changing levels of glucose in blood also can affect the balance of fluid in the lens of the eye, which works like a flexible camera lens to focus images. If the lens absorbs more water than normal and swells, its focusing power changes. Diabetes also may affect the function of nerves that control eyesight, causing blurred vision.

Cataract and glaucoma are eye diseases that occur more frequently in people with diabetes. Cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye. Glaucoma is a condition in which pressure within the eye can damage the optic nerve that transmits visual images to the brain. Early diagnosis and treatment of cataract and glaucoma can reduce the severity of these disorders.

3. Diabetic foot

For diabetic patients, they will get Neuropathies of the nerve ending, and the insufficient blood-supply of the lower limbs and the bacterial infection may cause pain, ulcer, acromelicgangrene etc, which is called Diabetic foot.

4. People with diabetes are more likely to develop infections, like boils and ulcers, than the average person. Women with diabetes may develop vaginal infections more often than other women. Checking for infections, treating them early, and following a doctor's advice can help ensure that infections are mild and infrequent. Infections also can affect the teeth and gums, making people with diabetes more susceptible to periodontal disease, an inflammation of tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth. An important cause of periodontal disease is bacterial growth on the teeth and gums. Treating diabetes and following a dentist's advice on dental care can help prevent periodontal disease.

5. Kidney Disease and Kidney Failure

Even when diabetes is controlled, the disease can lead to CKD and kidney failure. Diabetic kidney disease takes many years to develop. In some people, the filtering function of the kidneys is actually higher than normal in the first few years of their diabetes.

Over several years, people who are developing kidney disease will have small amounts of the blood protein albumin begin to leak into their urine. This first stage of CKD is called microalbuminuria. The kidney’s filtration function usually remains normal during this period.

As the disease progresses, more albumin leaks into the urine. This stage may be called macroalbuminuria or proteinuria. As the amount of albumin in the urine increases, the kidneys’ filtering function usually begins to drop. The body retains various wastes as filtration falls. As kidney damage develops, blood pressure often rises as well.

Overall, kidney damage rarely occurs in the first 10 years of diabetes, and usually 15 to 25 years will pass before kidney failure occurs.

Urinary tract infections are also a cause of kidney problems. Diabetes can affect the nerves that control the bladder, making it difficult for a person to empty his or her bladder completely. Bacteria can form in the unemptied bladder and the tubes leading from it, eventually causing infection. The symptoms of a urinary tract infection include frequent, painful urination, blood in the urine, and pain in the lower abdomen and back. Without prompt examination and treatment by a doctor, the infection can reach the kidneys, causing pain, fever, and possibly kidney damage. A doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection and may suggest that the person drink large amounts of water.

The Knowledge of Diabetes

Diabetes, also called Diabetes Mellitus, describes an illness condition that your body fail to use insulin. The disease can be divided into two types: D1M (Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus) and D2M (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus).

Is Diabetes a family disease?

The disease can be genetic and passed on from the family members. Evidence-based data reveals that 20-30% of the diabetics have a family history. Whatever the D1M or D2M all share an obvious genetic tendency. The only one difference is D2M has a higher hereditary tendency compared with D1M. One thing I need to make it clear, that is the heredity of the disease is not the disease itself, but its susceptibility.


What’s the normal blood sugar level?

Fasting blood sugar: 6.1mmol/L (within eight hours without eating anything)
PBG (postprandial blood glucose): 7.8 mmol/L


What about its damage?

DKA (diabetic ketoaicdosis), NHHDC (nonketotic hyperosmolar coma) and hypoglycemic coma are the most common as well as serious fatal complications.
85% of the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus die from heart disease. What’s worse, the incidence rate of diabetics complicated with high blood pressure reaches up to 40%, which signal us that controlling the blood pressure is even crucial than regulating the blood sugar.

No less than 40% of the diabetics suffer from kidney disease. And one third of those patients develops End-stage Renal Failure and requires dialysis and kidney transplant. The number can be much higher because the living and eating habits changes in recent years accounting for more and more obesity.

Other serious complications coming from Diabetes also include diabetic eye disease, foot disease, phthisis, diabetic neuropathy and some others.

How Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy Affects Our Lives

Diabetes affects multiple organs throughout the whole body. Advanced Diabetes is responsible for several serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, diabetic eye disease, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic kidney disease, also known as Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic renal disease (Diabetic Nephropathy) is a long-term as well as most serious complication coming from the disease. The disease results from the direct vascular abnormalities that accompany Diabetes and accounts for more and more death of ESRD (End-stage Renal Disease). There are three stages of diabetic kidney disease. The first stage is called chronic renal insufficiency, second stage: CRF (Chronic Renal Failure) and the advanced stage is ESRD.

Why would Diabetes cause Diabetic Nephropathy?

Elevated blood glucose occurs in people with Diabetes Mellitus results in the raised chemicals in the kidneys, which is responsible for proteinuria. Persistent albuminuria not only speeds up the glomerulosclerosis, but also impairs the charge barrier in glomeruli. Normally speaking, microalbuminuria is usually the first sign in people who develop Diabetic Nephropathy. If left untreated or undetected, the Malb develops to proteinuria (albuminuria). Long-time albuminuria aggravates the damage of glomeruli and accounts for decreased kidney function.

Since proteinuria greatly affects the kidneys, stop the leakage of proteinuria should be a significant move. Hold it, think it over. The albuminuria comes from Diabetes, and then controlling the primary disease should be a bigger picture. How? Controlling the levels of blood sugar (glucose) is vital. Besides, quitting smoking and cut the drink amount down is helpful. Here, I’d like to give several tips for Diabetic patients; also, those suggestions are accessible for those who are at a high risk of developing the disease or its complications.

Keep your blood sugar in check. If you have Diabetes Mellitus, checking the blood glucose in every single day is strongly recommended. Controlling the blood sugar should always be your first principle.

People with diabetes mellitus are often overweight. Therefore, shed pounds is pretty necessary and also one effective approach for whatever those with Diabetes or not.

Taking the blood pressure under control means a lot. High blood pressure is an independent risk factor for not only diabetics but also people with hypertension. If one suffers from any kind of kidney disease, then high blood pressure would speed up the illness progression.

Why Does a Diabetic's Face Get Puffy

In some cases, the patients with Diabetes may get puffy in face. The puffiness usually can last for a long or very short period. Why the patients with Diabetes suffer from puffiness in face? Is it related to other health problem?


In fact, puffiness in face for Diabetes patients is mainly attributable to the following factors：


① If the blood glucose is controlled poorly, it will cause osmotic diuresis which can restrain the reabsorption of sodium. After the patients begin to use insulin, it will improve the sugar metabolism and eliminate the factors that promote the excretion of sodium. Hence, it will cause retention of fluid and sodium.


② High blood glucose level can cause more antidiuretic hormones to be produced thus resulting in puffiness in face.


③ Long-term high glucose can improve the permeability of blood capillaries. It is also a cause of puffiness in Diabetes.


④ Insulin can act on kidneys directly and stimulate the reabsorption of sodium and fluid thus resulting in puffiness in face.


The above cases are caused by the use of insulin. In that case, the puffiness only last for 4 to 6 days. However, if it lasts over time, it may be related to kidney damage and the patients need to go for further examination.


Kidney damage is commonly seen in patients with Diabetes, especially those with over 10 year’s disease history. As filters (glomeruli) in kidneys are damaged, they will not be able to filter blood normally. On one hand, as the filters are damaged, a mass of proteins will leak into urine. When the protein level in blood declines, the fluid will infiltrate into subcutaneous tissue thus causing puffiness. On the other hand, as kidneys are damaged, it will cause retention of fluid and sodium.


Therefore, if the patients with Diabetes have long-lasting puffiness, they should primarily find its clear cause and then take relative treatment.

Diabetes can Cause Brain Disease

It has been proved in clinical research that inadequate insulin or hyperinsulinemia will cause bad damage to the cognitive function from different aspects.


Inadequate insulin will cause high blood glucose level. Long-term Chronic High Blood Glucose Level will make the capillary basement membrane thicken, leading to narrow capillary cavity. Plus the metabolic disorder of fat, blood viscosity state will become more serious, and blood speed will slow down, the blood flow in the brain will reduce. It’s found in study that if the blood flow in the brain reduces, the process of brain identifying, organizing and ordering information will be badly affected, little by little, the response ability and handling ability will degrade, at last, patients will find the damage to their cognitive function. There is no doubt that high blood glucose level will accelerate the onset of senile dementia.


Hyperinsulinemia is one of the typical symptoms in Type 2 Diabetes. In Type 2 Diabetes, those patients who have Hyperinsulinemia or depend on insulin injection often suffer from low blood glucose. If blood glucose level declines, a series of response will occur due to severe fluctuation of blood glucose levels. when blood glucose level is lower than 3.0 mmol/l, there will be damage to the cognitive function. Besides, low spirit will be caused due to low blood glucose level, such as anxiety, depression and the fear to the low glucose level. Such low spirit will affect the control of blood glucose level. The reoccurrence of low glucose level will aggravate the damage to the cognitive function.

How to Prevent Infection of Diabetic Patients?

When the Diabetic patients have injuries on the skin, bacterium, mycete and other pathogenic bacteria will invade and cause infection. Foot is a favorite place for parasitic bacteria and microorganism because the shoes supply a superior living environment for their living. Therefore, when your foot has injuries, ulcer, cut wound etc, do take active measures to prevent infection. Foot ulcer is the biggest source of infection. When foot ulcer develop into foot infection, the microorganism will go deep into the skin and bone tissue, then a deep eyelet will be formed. When the infection goes deeper and broader, it may lead to amputation.


Symptom: After the ulcer is infected, there will appear fever, red and swollen, fever around the wound, and some discharge and puruloid will leak out.


The doctor will have a blood test for you to make it clear about your blood sugar level and white blood cell. X ray may be also needed to check whether the bones have been infected. If the infection is not so severe, ambulatory treatment can treat it well, but it should be treated every 2-3 days for about one week. Most infection will be improved in a few days. But if your soft tissue is infected, antibiotics may be needed for about 2 weeks. If the infections have gone deep into the bones, antibiotics may be needed for 6 weeks or much longer.


Except antibiotics, in order to heal the ulcer, sometimes a layer of healthy tissues may be covered on the ulcer.


Attention: don’t walk with your infected foot. If you want to move around, draw help from the walking stick or wheel chair. If the foot is swelling, you should lift up the foot.


Prevention: do make sure the foot clean and dry in order not to infect the foot. The doctor may suggest to have Antibiotic Ointment or solution to treat ulcer. Moreover, have the blood sugar in the normal level. Diabetic patients should actively prevent infection to avoid the pain that may brings.

You Should Pay Attention on Few Diabetes Symptoms

It is known worldwide that diabetes may be a dangerous disease if not taken care of properly under medical attention. The factors that cause it happen are many but some symptoms of the disease could be dangerous if not paid proper attention. Following are some symptoms that you should pay attentions to avoid future difficulties.


Water and More Water


Drinking water is medically as well as hygienically helpful for body but what if the water intakes cross the limit than required? When you feel abnormal urge to quench your thirst, drinking water more than normal quantity, may possibly lead you under the attack of diabetes.


Chronic Fatigue


How many times did you feel tiredness even when after taking full rest? If the problem persists for longer itand#146;s high time to call doctor and get your symptoms have some medical attentions. Tiredness could be caused by either your body cells donand#146;t generate enough sugar essential for energy or your body has become unyielding to respond the insulin.


Visual problems


Can't see things standing before eyes, clearly? Do you need specs to clear your eyesight? Do you feel that you are having blurred vision? Symptoms like that could ring the bell of diabetes symptoms. During diabetes there is fluctuation of glucose level in eyes causing them being shrunk and swollen with subsequent effect of having blurred vision.


Abnormal Appetite


You have just eaten your food and after few minutes of time, you feel an urge to eat again! This is not good as the symptom may signal that you are getting diabetes. Consistent eating beyond the required level is also one of the possible signs of diabetes attack. Go for doctor.


Increased urination


When you feel strong urge to go for urination constantly, you should be alert of that as it is the sign of diabetes. The affected person must seek immediate medical assistance because if the problem persists longer it may cause dehydration.


Cramping sensation in leg


If you experience never felt cramping sensation in your leg it will show that you are under attack of diabetes. Unfortunately, this is the sign of long term medical problems of diabetes which we call neuropathy. This doesn’t show its symptoms immediately in patients, it rather takes almost five years of time to develop in person.


Lastly, if you observe that some minor disease like skin infections, itchiness and wounds don't heal even after proper medication then it could be a sign of diabetes. In our body, the white cells are responsible for healing the wounds against infections. During diabetes these white cells stop functioning well making you more vulnerable to air borne infectious disease.

Diabetes:Life Expectancy and Treatment

Diabetes is the leading cause of End Stage Renal Failure, accounting for 44% of new cases of dialysis. Can the patients' life expectancy be prolonged by dialysis? What is the accurate life expectancy of people with Diabetes on dialysis?


In fact, there is no a general life expectancy for it is determined by many factors. However, dialysis can bring more risks to patients with Diabetes. In other words, their mean life is shorter than those without Diabetes.


1. The patients with Diabetes are usually accompanied by cardiovascular diseases. Once CCr is below 10~15ml/min, it is hard to control their blood pressure. Dialysis can cause frequent fluctuation of blood pressure for reduced blood volume, hyperfiltration etc, thus aggravating cardiovascular diseases.


2. For vascular diseases, the arteriovenous fistula is susceptible to fail. This will certainly impair their blood vessels.


3. Diabetes is usually complicated with autonomic neuropathy. Therefore, hypotension is commonly seen among the patients on dialysis.


Treatment for Diabetics--We suggest you to use Micro-Chinese Medicine first. Micro-Chinese Medicine could be targeted at the damaged renal tissue directly through physical osmosis. In the process of treating kidney disease, the active substances of Micro-Chinese Medicine play the following effects mainly: first, dilate the blood vessels to improve the partial microcirculation of kidney. Second, anti-inflammation. Third, anticoagulation, anti blood viscosity, and prevent the thrombus from formation. Forth, degrade the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM). So, the Micro-Chinese Medicine realizes the three big purposes of block, repair, and restore. As long as the damaged renal tissue can be repaired fully, satisfied therapeutic effects can be achieved.

Natural Remedy for Diabetes

Diabetes is a systemic disorder, which can involve the organs and systems through the whole body such as feet, eyes, kidney, skin. When foamy urine, swelling feet&legs occur, it may imply the kidney has been involved.

When the nephrons fail to work adequately, the proteins will pass through the filteration membrane in kidney and end up in urine. In early stage of Diabetes Kidney Disease, the patients only present with a small amount


Insulin is commonly used to control blood glucose level in Diabetes. However, long-term insulin use can cause a series of side effects on body such as weight gain, skin infections, ametropia etc. A natural remedy will be recommended to the patients with Diabetes.


Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy has been applied to treat Diabetes and has showed a remarkable curative effect. Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is an innovative application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The effective ingredients are mainly composed of herbs high in nutrients and antioxidants. It plays the following roles in treating Diabetes:


1. It is extremely beneficial to optimize serum lipids by lowering LDL and raising HDL.


2. It can stimulate insulin secretion thus lowering blood glucose level

3. Reduce glycated hemoglobin level


4. It can reduce serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein


5. It can provide essential nutrients such as vitamin, amino acid etc. So it can relieve fatigue, stress, general weakness etc.


After the above systemic treatment, the blood glucose level will be controlled very well and the patients will avoid developing other complications of Diabetes such as Diabetic Foot, Diabetic Nephropathy etc.


Diabetes is a chronic disease. Besides a proper treatment, the patients should also pay more attention daily care. Here some home remedies will be recommended to the patients.


1. The patients should eat at least 300 grams of the following fruits including tomatoes and oranges. However, if they have renal damage, they should remove oranges from their diet.


2. They should include bitter melon in their diet. It can keep the level of blood glucose in control and benefit the management of the disease.


3. One home remedy is also effective in controlling blood glucose level. The patients can put some black raisins in water for a night. Next morning strain the water and drink the clear water.

Nephrotic Syndrome: Are You Sick of Hormone Side Effects on Your Children

Nephrotic Syndrome can occur at any age among children, but it is most common between the ages of 1.5 and 5 years. It can damage the filters in kidneys thus causing protein in urine. If uncontrolled, it is very likely to progress into Chronic Kidney Disease and finally Renal Failure. Therefore, the parents should have their children treated effectively as early as possible.


Hormone is mainly used to treat Nephrotic Syndrome in children. Mostly, symptoms can relieve after a period of hormone treatment. However, when the dosage of hormone is reduced, the disease is at high risk of relapsing. What’s worse, long-term hormone use has huge side effects on children.


Hormone can suppress the bone growth and cause osteoporosis, which can prevent children’s development and growth. Therefore, many children may have short stature.


The parents may find their children have mental changes. The children are not able to control their own moods. That is because hormone can stimulate the nerves system.


Infections are very commonly seen in children with Nephrotic Syndrome who keep a long-term hormone therapy. Hormone can suppress the immunity. As a result, the virus and bacteria is more likely to invade into the body.

In addition, moon-shaped faces, sugar urine and even Diabetes etc can be seen among children.


To make the children develop and growth healthily like other children, many patients are seeking for a therapy free from side effects.


In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is used to treat the disease. TCM originates ancient China. Through thousands of years’ development, its curative effects have been enhanced significantly with the help of modern diagnosis and treatment technology.


The integrants in TCM are mainly natural herbs, minerals, parts of animal bones etc. Every formula is composed of various kinds of herbs in certain dosages. This can guarantee the effectiveness and safety of the medicines.

Nephrotic Syndrome:Nursing Care Tips in Daily Life

The following measures to improve the absorption of calcium:

1. Vitamin D can promote the absorption of calcium in intestinal tract. They can have some foods rich in vitamin D.

2. Proteins are beneficial to the absorption of calcium. However, for the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome should limit protein intake strictly. Therefore, they can keep proper intake of high-quality protein supply.

3. The 7-dehydrocholesterol in skin can convert to vitamin D thus promoting the bone development. Therefore, the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome on hormone should often bask in the sun.

4. Limit the intake of foods high in fat because the non-esterified fatty acid can combine with calcium thus decreasing the calcium level in body.

5. Excess alcohol and nicotine can affect the absorption of calcium. Therefore, the patients should quit smoking and drinking.

Nursing Care for Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome in Daily Life:

* Rest and activity: If the patients experience severe anasarca and even ascites, they must stay in bed and keep a reclining posture. The patients should take systemic joint motions with the help of nursing personnel to prevent anchylosis and spasm as well as thrombus formation. However, if the patients are complicated with high blood pressure, they should limit their activity. After the swelling relives, they can take moderate indoor activity. When the protein in urine is less than 2g/d, they can take proper outdoor activity, but they should avoid intense activities like running, jumping, lifting heavy things and so on.


* Nursing care on diet: The patients with Nephrotic Syndrome should manage their diet with strict restrictions. The diet should improve their nutrition condition, but does not cause excess burden to their kidneys.


 Protein: High protein intake can cause much burden to their kidneys. Therefore, low-protein diet is recommended to the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome. High quality protein refers to the animal protein rich in essential acid amino. The patients with Nephrotic Syndrome should keep their protein intake with 1g/ (Kg.d). However, when they suffer Renal Insufficiency, they should adjust their protein intake based on the creatinine clearance rate.


 Calorie: The patients with Nephrotic Syndrome should keep adequate calorie supply and it should not less than 126~147 KJ/ (kg.d).


 Fat: To relieve hyperlipidaemia, the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome should reduce the foods abundant of saturated fatty acid like animal fat and should have more foods with high polyunsaturated fatty acid such as vegetable oil and fish oil and foods rich in soluble fiber like oat.

Nursing Intervention for Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic Syndrome is commonly seen among preschool children. It is featured with an amount of protein in urine and swelling. In severe case, for severe swollen legs, the children may not be able to walk or stand for too long. So, how to relieve the swelling?
　　

1. Rest and activity

　　
If the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome have serious swelling, they are recommended to stay in bed until the swelling eliminates.

　　
2. Diet

　　
* The patients should have a tight limitation of foods high in proteins as excessive protein intake can aggravate proteinuria. However, as Nephrotic Syndrome is complicated with hyperlipemia, the patients should keep a certain amount of quality(1g/kg per body weight) protein intake such as fish, egg white, milk, lean meat, etc.

　　
* They are suggested to reduce daily salt intake to 3~5 g. Also, it is necessary for them to regulate the intake based on the edema degree and blood sodium concentration.

　　
* As for hyperlipemia, the patients should reduce the consumption of foods loaded in saturated fatty acid for it can increase the cholesterol concentration.

　　
* As the patients limit the intake of proteins, it is very likely to cause malfunction. To guarantee sufficient energy, the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome should keep ample calorie intake.

　　
* Limiting water and salts intake is an important part in nursing intervention of the disease. Extra salt intake can increase the retention of sodium and fluid, thus aggravating edema.

　　
3.Skin care

　　
Serious edema stretches the skin and eventually is likely to cause skin injury. Therefore, the patients should avoid skin trauma.

　　
In addition, weak immunity renders the patients at high risk of infections. It is very important for the patients to keep away from trigging factors of infections.

　　
If the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome are in remission, the above nursing interventions will reduce the relapse of the disease significantly.

　　

Treatment for FSGS in Nephrotic Syndrome

FSGS in Nephrotic Syndrome is an difficult condition to treat. Conventionally, the patients mainly rely on hormone,immunosuppressive agents and cytoxic drugs to control blood pressure, cholesterol and heavy protein loss in urine etc. Some people will have remission after a period of treatment and return a normal life. However, it is susceptible to relapse. When they reduce hormone dosage or encounter infections, it will flare again. Besides these conventional treatments for FSGS in Nephrotic Syndrome, is there a better therapy for the condition.

FSGS is medical condition, in which the immune system attacks the kidney filtering system mistakenly.

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy play the following roles in treating FSGS.

1. It can degrade the immune deposits in glomeruli and make them dissolve in blood. Finally, the immune deposits will be filtered out of body through systemic circulation.

2. It can regulate immune system and suppress the abnormal immune response. Hence, it can prevent the formation of immune complexes again.

3. The effective ingredients can activate the DNA replication of impaired kidney tissues and cells, thus promoting the regeneration of new renal tissues and cells. As a result, the renal function will have a remarkable improvement.
However, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can not eliminate the circulatory immune complexes in blood. For this part of harmful substances, blood filtration is needed to remove them out of body.


Immunotherapy can suppress the inflammatory response effectively and rapidly. Therefore, it can stop further damage to renal functional cells and tissues.



It can clear up the immune deposits in kidneys and immune complexes in blood by the combination application of Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy and blood purification techniques. Hence, it can eliminate the inducing causes of inflammatory response in kidneys.



It aims at controlling symptoms by restoring the impaired renal tissues and cells. Therefore, the patients' renal function will have a significant improvement.



It can rebuild the patients' immune system and recover the normal immune function. Hence, it can prevent immune injury to kidneys again. In this way, it stop the relapse of the disease again.

How to Treat Edema of Nephrotic Syndrome

Edema is a common complication of Nephrotic Syndrome. In serious case, the fluid may collect in lung, blood vessels and every part in body, which can cause difficult breath and even heart failure.and it is attributable to two causes:

Firstly, the malfunctioned kidney fail to filter extra fluid and sodium from blood, thus leading to retention of fluid and sodium.


Secondly, the filtering system is damaged. Thus, the protein leak into urine and cause low protein level in blood. The fluid in blood filter into tissues, leading to edema.


Treatment


1.Limiting intake of salts and fluid is an important part in relieving edema. The patients are recommended to reduce salts intake to 3~5 g/d. Also, they need to regulate the salt intake based on the edema degree and potassium concentration in blood.


2. Usually, diuretic drugs are prescribed to the patients. They can promote the secretion of fluid, thus relieving retention of fluid and sodium.


3.If the patients suffer from serious edema, they are recommended to stay in bed until edema disappears.


4. As edema is very likely to cause high blood pressure or aggravate it, the patients are usually prescribed with ACEI and ARB drugs to control blood pressure. Also, these drugs has certain effect in preserving renal function.


5.Edema is attributable to heavy protein loss in urine. High protein intake can increase the production of urea to put more strain on kidney. The patients with Nephrotic Syndrome are recommended to limit protein intake to 1 g/kg per body weight.


6. Hormone and immunosuppressive drugs can suppress the fierce immune inflammatory response to restrict the leakage of protein into urine. Therefore, they can relieve edema to some extent.


The therapy for edema should be aiming at restoring the impaired kidney and rebuilding the structure of filtering system. If these treatment goals are achieved, the edema and relative symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome will disappear gradually.

Lupus Nephritis: what Exercise Is Ok ?

Proper exercise is beneficial to the recovery of Lupus Nephritis. The patients are often accompanied by arthritis, heart problem, lung problem etc. They should avoid violent exercise and contact sports . some aerobic and mild exercise can enhance the functions of heart and liver and strengthen bones and muscles, it can prevent or relieve the complications of Lupus Nephritis remarkably. Yoga, biking, jogging are ok for them.It can improve blood circulation and enhance immunity.

Besides taking proper exercise, the patients should also pay more attention to the following items.

1. Diet

Food is a common factor in triggering the onset and relapse of lupus. Therefore, the patients should avoid the foods that cause allergy such as mango, fish, shrimp etc.

2. Avoid exposure to sunlight

Ultraviolet light can trigger the relapse of lupus activity and aggravate renal function deterioration. Therefore, the patients should avoid exposing to sunlight in hot summer. They should prepare topee, sunblocking cream and wear longsleeved clothes when going out.

3. Be alert to infections

Patients with Lupus Nephritis have to use a large dosage of hormone and immunosuppressive agents to control the disease. Meanwhile, these medicines will also weaken the immunity. The external virus, germs and other outside stuffs are very likely to invade into body thus resulting in infections. Even if a mild infection may trigger the disease. Therefore, the patients with Lupus Nephritis should be alert to infections and do their best to avoid infections.

Lupus Nephritis Photosensitivity and How to Deal With

Lupus nephritis is inflammation of the kidney that is caused by systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Also called lupus, SLE is an autoimmune disease. With lupus, the body's immune system targets its own body tissues. Lupus nephritis happens when lupus involves the kidneys.

Have lupus, you might be photosensitive -- meaning you have an unusually strong reaction to sunlight. In fact, more than half of all people with lupus are light sensitive. More importantly, 40% to 70% of people with lupus experience an increase in lupus symptoms after being exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays, either from the sun or from artificial light.

Photosensitive people may develop a skin rash, known as a butterfly rash, which appears over the nose and cheeks after sun exposure. Other rashes might look like hives. Sunlight may cause also a lupus flare, resulting in fever, joint pain, or even organ inflammation.

Each person with lupus may have a different level of photosensitivity – just like in the general population. If photosensitivity is a problem for you, here are some ways to protect yourself from the sun:

People with lupus should not stay in the sun for extended periods and should make every effort to avoid UV rays outside, which are at their peak between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Don’t be fooled by an overcast day, because clouds don’t filter out all of the sun’s UV rays. Keep track of the time you spend in the sun. It often takes two to three weeks before skin abnormalities occur from sun exposure.

Apply sunscreen liberally: It takes at least 1 ounce of sunscreen to cover your entire body. Remember to reapply frequently. Sweat, water, contact, and clothing can all rub sunscreen off. People often forget to apply sunscreen to their necks, backs, and ears, all of which are commonly affected by photosensitivity related to lupus.

People with lupus who work or spend a lot of time outside should consider wearing clothing that has built-in sun protection or using an umbrella made with special fabric designed to block UV rays. If you are fair-skinned and have light eyes and light hair, you should be even more careful when exposed to UV rays, because people with those features are more sensitive to the sun and artificial light than people who have darker hair and skin.

Lupus Nephritis Clinical Presentation

Lupus nephritis is a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; lupus) and is a major predictor of poor outcome. Most commonly, lupus nephritis develops early in the course of disease, but it can be a late complication as well (called delayed lupus nephritis [DLN]). Mortality is higher for lupus patients who develop nephritis than for those who do not.

Patients with active lupus nephritis often have other symptoms of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including fatigue, fever, rash, arthritis, serositis, or central nervous system (CNS) disease. These are more common with focal proliferative and diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis.

Some patients have asymptomatic lupus nephritis; however, during regular follow-up, laboratory abnormalities such as elevated serum creatinine levels, low albumin levels, or urinary protein or sediment suggests active lupus nephritis. This is more typical of mesangial or membranous lupus nephritis.

Symptoms related to active nephritis may include peripheral edema secondary to hypertension or hypoalbuminemia. Extreme peripheral edema is more common in persons with diffuse or membranous lupus nephritis, as these renal lesions are commonly associated with heavy proteinuria.

Other symptoms directly related to hypertension that are commonly associated with diffuse lupus nephritis include headache, dizziness, visual disturbances, and signs of cardiac decompensation.

High Blood Pressure and High Creatinine

High blood pressure (hypertension) is designated as either essential (primary) hypertension or secondary hypertension and is defined as a consistently elevated blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mm Hg.

High blood pressure is called "the silent killer" because it often causes no symptoms for many years, even decades, until it finally damages certain critical organs.

Poorly controlled high blood pressure ultimately can cause damage to blood vessels in the eye, thickening of the heart muscle and heart attacks, hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis),hypertensive nephropathy, kidney failure, and strokes.

How to lower high creatinine effectively?

Serum creatinine is an effective measure for kidney functions. In the treatment of kidney disease, the patients are very concerned as to how to lower their elevated creatinine and stop further damage on their kidneys. The complexity of kidney diseases means that a comprehensive treatment system is required so as to control the illness condition. The people need to know the severity of high creatinine and treat their disease positively.

Work with your doctor to develop a personalized diet that is low in protein. The amount of protein you eat on this diet depends on how much you weigh, so do not attempt this diet on your own. You will also need to test frequently to be sure that the creatinine levels in your urine are increasing and the levels in your blood are decreasing. This indicates that the creatinine is being excreted properly. Doctors will prescribe Lasix, a strong diuretic, to promote urination. This is another reason a person with high creatinine levels must drink plenty of water.

We need to know why creatinine increases. Creatinine as a wasteful product should normally be discharged out of the body by the kidneys. The medicines played good role in reducing the excessive toxins such as creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, etc. However, this will not help for improving or injuring the lesioned renal tissues. In long-term developing course, with scarring on the kidneys worsening and kidney condition deteriorating, serum creatinine keeps on rising and efficacy of the medicines will get reduced. Such risk factors as inflammations, cold, infections can cause rapid deterioration of kidney function and worsen the illness condition.

High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease

How does high blood pressure hurt the kidneys?

High blood pressure makes the heart work harder and, over time, can damage blood vessels throughout the body. If the blood vessels in the kidneys are damaged, they may stop removing wastes and extra fluid from the body. The extra fluid in the blood vessels may then raise blood pressure even more. It's a dangerous cycle.

High blood pressure is one of the leading causes of kidney failure, also called end-stage renal disease (ESRD). People with kidney failure must either receive a kidney transplant or have regular blood-cleansing treatments called dialysis. Every year, high blood pressure causes more than 25,000 new cases of kidney failure.

How can blood pressure be controlled?

People with prehypertension or high blood pressure should :

• maintain their weight at a level close to normal.
• eat fresh fruits and vegetables, grains, and low-fat dairy foods.
• limit their daily salt, or sodium, intake to 2,000 milligrams. They should limit frozen foods and trips to fast food restaurants. They should read nutritionlabels on packaged foods to learn how much sodium is in one serving. Keeping a sodium diary can help monitor sodium intake.
• get plenty of exercise—at least 30 minutes of moderate activity, such aswalking, cycling, or swimming, most days of the week.
• avoid consuming too much alcohol. Men should have no more than two drinks—two 12-ounce servings of beer or two 5-ounce servings of wine or two 1.5-ounce servings of hard liquor—a day. Women should have no more than a single serving a day because differences in the way foods are broken down in the body make women more sensitive to the effects of alcohol.

http://www.kidneyabc.com/hypertensive-nephropathy/

Secondary Chronic Kidney Disease--Hypertensive Nephropathy

Even if people have had high blood pressure, they usually do not know what complications would happen in a few years. Heart disease may be the most concerned for them, but they always ignore the most fatal one—kidney disease (Hypertensive Nephropathy ). High blood pressure will narrow and harden main artery and the blood capillary. In kidneys, a large number of tiny blood vessel balls are in charge of blood filtration. Little tiny blood vessels cannot bear the high pressure, so they will become narrow in order to reduce the blood infusion. As a result, it will directly lead to the lack of blood and oxygen. Renal inflammation would occur to hurt kidney tissues.

This damaged process would last for a long time and gradually hurt kidneys. So in most time, people would have no consciousness for no obvious symptoms present in the body. "I have a strong urination at night. In the beginning, I though it may be caused more water input. Now I know it is a sign of hypertensive nephropathy."

What are the specific physical performance of hypertensive nephropathy? Specific performance:

Early nocturia increased, followed by proteinuria, individual cases have occurred hematuria, usually without low back pain. Often associated with atherosclerotic retinopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebral vascular accident. Malignant hypertension is associated with cardiovascular complications, the rapid development of the disease, proteinuria and hematuria, renal function rapidly diminished, and even uremia.

High blood pressure can cause complications of the heart, brain, kidney and other organs, can lead to high morbidity and mortality, 10% of the hypertensive patients died of renal failure. Therefore, high blood pressure and kidney disease is one pair of real "loser".

Hypertensive nephropathy to patients is a very serious, so in order to reduce such damage, must be timely treatment.

Could Folic Acid Cause Hypertensive Nephropathy?

What is Hypertensive Nephropathy

Hypertensive Nephropathy is a medical condition in which chronic high blood pressure causes kidney damages. As the name suggests, hypertensive nephropathy is caused by high blood pressure. Why hypertension harms kidneys? Blood pressure means the force of blood against the walls of the blood vessels. Extra fluid in the body or the narrowed blood vessel will raise the blood pressure.


What is Folic acid

Folic acid has active ingredients of folic acid. It is used in therapeutic drug levels, heart injury, folate deficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, anemia. Common side effects of Folic acid include nausea, fatigue, weakness, fever, breathing difficulty.

On Oct, 18, 2012: 80,246 people reported to have side effects when taking Folic acid. Among them, 12 people (0.01%) have Hypertensive Nephropathy.Gender of people who have Hypertensive nephropathy when taking Folic acid :

Age of people who have Hypertensive nephropathy when taking Folic acid :

Top conditions involved for these people:

• Wheezing
• Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
• Haemoglobin abnormal
• Diabetes mellitus non-insulin-dependent
• Thyroidectomy