Classification of Proteinuria

The composition of Proteinuria can be divided into some types:


1. Albumin, accounts for 1/3 is from plasma protein.


2. Smaller than the albumin molecular weight of protein, such as light chain of myohemoglobin, β2-microglobulin, immune globulin and small amount enzymes comes from blood, such as Lysozyme, Amylase, Lactic Dehydrogenase, etc.


3. Tissue proteins, which is secreted by Urinary System.


When Urinary Protein is over 150mg/24h, we call it Proteinuria. According to the origin of Urine Protein and formative mechanism of Proteinuria, Proteinuria can be divided into six kinds:


First, is Glomerular Proteinuria: because of damaged Glomerular Filtration Membrane, increased sizes of apertures, or due to reduction and vanish of negative charges on glomerular capillary wall, filtration barrier loses the function of static barrier. Plasma protein, especially large amount of Albumins enter Bowman's capsule, which exceeds reabsorption function from proximal tubule to protein and forms Proteinuria, it is called Glomerular Proteinuria. The feature gives priority to rising Albumin, which accounts for above 70% with normal or tiny increased β2-microglobulin; when Glomerular Filtration Barrier is severely damaged with expanding and increasing filter membrane gap, large molecular weight protein, such as excretion of Immunoglobulin G will also increase.


Tubular Proteinuria: because of kidney tubules damage caused by kidney tubules inflammation and poisoning, micro-molecular protein of Glomerular filtration can not be fully absorbed by kidney tubules and form Proteinuria, which is called Tubular Proteinuria. Protein in urine gives priority to increasing of β2-microglobulin, Lysozyme and other micro-molecular protein. Normal or tiny increased albumin. Discharge rate of Urine Protein everyday is generally less than 1g.


Histic Proteinuria: during the course of urine formation, protein which caused by kidney tubules metabolism as well as damage and degradation of nephridial tissue, and the excretion by stimulation of inflammation or medicine to urinary system go into terminal urine, this kind of urine called Histic Proteinuria. Its protein test usually appears +-/+ with urinary protein is 0.15--1.0g/24h.


Overflow Proteinuria: functions of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption are normal, but because increasing of unusual protein in blood, these micro-molecular protein can be filtered through glomerulus, with increasing of spillage, kidney tubules can not absorb these protein, so Proteinuria occurs, which is called Overflow Proteinuria. Its protein test usually appears+--++, light chain and Bence-Jones protein can be examined from urine, or it contains hemosiderin and appears positive reaction.


Mixed Proteinuria: both Glomerulus and kidney tubules are all damaged, small and medium molecular weight protein in urine are all increase.


False Proteinuria: Urinary Tract disease of kidney can cause large amount of pus, blood, mucus and other substances which contain protein, Urine Protein may appear positive, it is called False Proteinuria.

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The Pathogeny of Urine Protein

Physiological Proteinuria can commonly be seen after high protein diet intake, psychokinesia, strenuous exercises, chilling for a long time, pregnancy etc will cause temporal Proteinuria, with which the Urine Protein Qualitative is less than +.


In general, continuous Proteinuria often represents kidney disease. The amount of Urine Protein reflects the degree of lesion, and people can observe according to its efficacy clinically. However, in particular, to the end stage of glomerular abnormalities, because large amount of damaged nephrons, the leaching of protein reduces, which is not mean to lighten kidney disease.


Proteinuria caused by the reasons besides kidney disease


Most of Proteinuria caused by the reasons besides kidney disease is benign; Proteinuria may vanish after other diseases are cured.


Hot Proteinuria


When patients with the fever caused by cold reaching up above 38℃, Proteinuria will occur.


Stand Proteinuria.


The occurrence of Proteinuria caused by forward flexion of spine oppressing the vessels of kidney of young people, which may disappear around 30 years old of the people without treatment.


Cyanotic kidney


People with renal venous stasis, such as heart failure will appear Urine Protein. However, it will vanish after disappearing of blood stasis.


Proteinuria caused by kidney diseases


It is obvious that people with kidney disease always appear urine protein after urine routine.


Nephritis


It can be divided into Acute Nephritis and Chronic Nephritis.


Nephrotic Syndrome


The protein from urine will decrease the density of protein. In addition, it is also caused by other conditions, such as Diabetic Nephropathy, Amyloidosis, collagen disease etc.


Nephrosclerosis


Nephrosclerosis caused by Essential Hypertension has less urine volume, which is mostly less than 300mg.


In addition, Multiple Myeloma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Rheumatic Arthritis, Gout, Edema as well as Mercurialism and lead poisoning will cause Urine Protein.

Is Kidney Transplant the only Treatment for Renal Failure

At present, dialysis and kidney transplant are the most common treatment methods for Renal failure. Yes, dialysis and kidney transplant are really very important treatment for patients of renal failure, and kidney transplant has solved the life of many patients or at least it prolongs the life of the patients to some extent. While, is kidney transplant the only treatment for renal function?

For patients with rather poor renal function, kidney transplant may be the best choice for them if they are suitable for this operation and don’t have the contraindications for kidney transplant. Although, at present, babies of several months and elder people of eighty can adopt kidney transplant, the more suitable age for the operation is 13 to 60 years old considering the effects and recovery for the operation. Of course, if the patients’ condition is allowable, this limitation can be extended properly. But when the patients are older than 55 years, the complications of the operation will increase and the risk will increase. For the patients with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, they need to take treatment for them. And after one month after the recovery of the liver function the patients can adopt kidney transplant. And patients with the following disease are not suitable for kidney transplant: mental disease, chronic respiratory function failure, heart failure, coagulation system disorders and so on. Besides, patients with serious coronary disease or some kinds of nephritis and patients with serious polycystic kidney disease accompanied with serious polycystic liver disease need to be cautious for the kidney transplant.



Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy. The adoption of Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy effectively protects kidney function from further decline, and creates a favorable environment for damaged cells’ self-repairing, but the recovering of cells by Chinese medicine is relatively fragile and slow. Then stem cell works in two aspects, A) help with repairing damages of other body parts (like blood vessel damages), and this consolidates the favorable environment for damaged cells self-repairing. B). help with repairing these damaged kidney cells, and provide them with necessary materials. Based on restoring functions of damaged cells, the overall kidney function can enjoy an improvement, but his improvement extent is not satisfying, and especially for end stage kidney failure patients.

Live with Kidney Transplant

How long people live with kidney transplant mainly depends on matching quality, the age of donator and working efficiency chance of transplanted kidney.

Matching quality


The key to long-time live is from a kidney which is closest with your blood and tissue, that is expected to the least rejection from you own body. The closer the relation between donator and receptor, the better the matching quality. Generally, kidney from living donators lasts longer than that from dead ones. Therefore the best choice for long-term working of transplanted kidney is from your biological family members, then others who are willing to offer his or her organ, and eventually deceased.

Age of donator


New discovery reveals that kidney transplant lifespan depends on more donator’s age than receptor’s age. For the reason that, aging and renal aging are associated with changes in the genes expressed in the body, and that process of change is lifelong and that a possible new target in improving graft survival should include looking at strategies that may alter programmed aging in donor transplanted kidneys.

Working chance of donated kidney


Working efficiency chance of donated kidney at the set time point is another factor which affects the lifespan with kidney transplant. Here a chart for your reference.

Working efficiency chance	years after transplant
90%	one year
60%	five years
50%	ten years

Form this view, younger patients may need twice or more times of kidney transplant. If the kidneys they received fail, they need to restart their dialysis and go back to waiting list.

Each year the number in waiting list grows in a large degree and many patients who have registered for kidney transplant passed away during their waiting for donator. So patients who are undergoing long-term waiting are advised to look for effective therapies to repair their renal function. As long as you still remain renal function, namely you can perform urination, there is hope for your remedy.

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Can Patients with FSGS Drink Alcohol

For many people, drinking alcohol is a pleasure in their life. However, for the patients with FSGS, they are generally not recommended to drink alcohol for it may cause the following impacts on them.

1. For the patients on medications, alcohol can complicate how medications work. They should check with the doctor about drinking alcohol while on medication.

2. Drinking can increase the chance of developing blood pressure. It can accelerate the renal function deterioration rate. If the patients have high blood pressure it can make it harder to keep the blood pressure controlled.

3. Large amount of alcohol consumption can cause much damage to heart, thus elevating the risks of developing heart failure which is one of major death causes of FSGS.

4. Alcohol can impair kidney cells directly and increase the risk of needing dialysis for the patients with FSGS.

5. As many patients with FSGS suffer from hyperlipidaemia, the carbohydrate load in alcohol can deteriorate this condition significantly.

6. Drinking alcohol can lower the body's immune system, which makes it easier for the relapse of the disease.

In terms of the impacts on body, the patients with FSGS are not recommended to drink alcohol. If they do this, they should get OK from their doctors firstly.

Apart from abandoning alcohol, the following diet tips also work well in slowing the disease progress.

Low calorie beverages

The beverages plays a role in management of the kidney disease. The patients should limit the fluid intake to prevent retention of fluid so as to relieve swelling. They can drink water, low-fat milk and clear soft drinks and restrict cola soft drinks are rich in phosphoric acid which can elevate phosphorus in blood.

Lean meats

If the patients with FSGS develop renal insufficiency, they should eat 0.6g of protein per kg of body weight each day. As poultry and lean meats are loaded in proteins, the patients should limit its intake to avoid putting additional strain on the kidneys.

Also, the patients should reduce the intake of foods high in phosphorus, sodium.
As the patients' conditions varies from case to case, the patients with FSGS should discuss with their doctor or dietitian before making a kidney diet plan.

Creatinine Level 3.44, What Does It Mean

“My creatinine level is 3.44, what does it mean?” As a lab value, creatinine connects to your muscles and kidneys. What does creatinine speak for your muscle and renal condition?

What is creatinine?

Creatinine, also known as serum creatinine, is the metabolic byproducts of muscles. In normal condition, creatinine should be removed out by kidney which has function to discharge internal toxins. If your creatinine level is higher than normal range, there is something wrong with your muscles or renal function.
What’s the normal range of creatinine level?

A normal range is 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL for men and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/dL for women. Women usually have lower results, because they have less muscle than men. Besides, reference range varies in different counties and different laboratories.
Lower level of normal range usually means your muscular contraction, such as muscular dystrophy or myasthenia gravis etc.

Higher level of reference range usually reveals damage to your renal function. Let’s take the level 3.44 for example. You may step into CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) stage III, in which you are experiencing high blood pressure, the increase of PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) and the changes of protein. Renal anemia may be another signal. So you may have risk in the following disease:

Acute tubular necrosis
Diabetic nephropathy
Glomerulonephritis
Kidney failure
Pyelonephritis
Reduced kidney blood flow (shock, congestive heart failure)
Rhabdomyolysis
Urinary tract obstruction
If you are woman, you may undergo
Eclampsia (a condition of pregnancy that includes seizures)
Preeclampsia (pregnancy-induced hypertension)

All of these diseases are for your reference. The final diagnosis can’t be made only with creatinine level. If you can provide other reference index, our online staffs are glad to provide exact answer.

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What Are the Common Complications of FSGS

FSGS is commonly seen in both children and adults. It refers to a disorder, in which the filters (glomeruli) in kidneys are inflamed. For long-term use of hormone and cytotoxic agents and kidney damage, the patients with FSGS usually experience a series of complications, as follows:

Infection

Infection is commonly seen in FSGS. Proteins are important nutrients and antibodies in body. For massive protein leakage in FSGS, the levels of IgG and complement proteins decrease. As a result, the immunity weakens thus resulting in high risk of developing infections which can cause the relapse of the disease and even threaten the patients’ life.

Malnutrition

Proteins are the main nutrients and they are the major sources of energy for systemic organs and tissues. The patients with FSGS are very susceptible to the experience malnutrition for protein leakages. If the body can not get sufficient nutrients supply, it can cause amyotrophy and slow down the skeletal development. That is why the children with FSGS are shorter than the healthy children of the same age.

Anemia

Proteins are responsible for carrying iron to every part in body. Due to protein leakages, there is no sufficient iron for transporting iron thus resulting in anemia.

High blood pressure

High blood pressure is a common complication of FSGS. It is mainly attributable to two causes. Firstly, the glomeruli can not discharge excess fluid from body thus resulting in increased blood volume. Secondly, for renal ischemia and anoxia, more angiotensin is produced thus contracting blood vessels.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is commonly seen in FSGS for vitamin deficiency. Vitamin D binds to proteins in blood. Some vitamin D will leak into urine along with proteins.

How to Lower High Creatinine Level in FSGS in Natural Ways

FSGS can be seen in both children and adults. It is a major cause of ESRD for adults. As the glomeruli (filters) in kidneys are sclerotic partially, the kidneys are not capable of functioning adequately, resulting in accumulation of metabolic wastes in blood. As a result, the creatinine level will be higher than normal. So, how to lower high creatinine level in FSGS effectively?

Keep a healthy diet

The creatinine is the end products of creatine in muscle. Too much consumption of meat can produce more creatinine in blood. Therefore, the patients should limit their daily intake of meat strictly.

Avoid strenuous exercise

Strenuous exercise can accelerate the metabolism of creatine in muscle thus producing more creatine in body. This will inevitably put much strain on kidneys when it is excreted by kidneys. So the patients with FSGS should avoid strenuous exercise and take part in aerobic exercise jogging, bicycling, swimming etc.

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can remove creatinine and other metabolic wastes in blood thus lowering high creatinine in FSGS. Meanwhile, it can restore the impaired kidney tissues and recover the excretory function of the kidneys.

① Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is an external therapy. When it is performed on body, it can open up pores. A part of toxins in body can be passed out of body through pores.

② The effective medicines can dilate systemic blood vessels and improve microcirculation in kidneys. Therefore, it can boost the excretion of metabolic wastes thus lowering high creatinine level.

③ Micro-Chinese medicine can activate the reproduction of DNA of the impaired renal functional cells, thus restoring the injured kidneys.

When the kidneys are restored very well, their excretory function will improve significantly. As a result, the high creatinine will decline gradually.
Stem Cell Therapy can treat FSGS from its underlying cause. Therefore, the patients can have a complete recovery without relapse.

FSGS with GFR 17

FSGS is a hard disease to treat and the renal function deteriorates at a very fast speed. How to treat it with GFR 17?

GFR 17 means that FSGS is in stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease. Without timely control, dialysis or renal transplantation will be required soon. Then, is there alternative therapy to FSGS along with GFR 17?

FSGS is an immune-mediated disorder, in which the immune system attacks the healthy kidney tissues and cells mistakenly. Immune system is a strong protective system in body and it can defeat the foreign pathological substances when they invade body

In FSGS, the foreign bacteria such as upper respiratory tract infection activates the immune system to defeat the infection bacteria. However, for immune dysregulation, the immune system fails to defeat the bacteria or other pathological substances. As a result, these foreign substances may combine with the antibodies to form immune complexes in blood, afterwards, flow into kidneys. To clear up the immune complexes, the body activates an inflammatory response to remove them, thus leading to inflammatory response in kidney. The inflammatory response may attract more and more inflammatory mediator to aggravate the immune injury in kidneys. As a result, the kidney tissues and cells will become sclerotic and finally necrotic finally.

Immunotherapy is the latest therapy for FSGS. The main types of immunotherapy now being used to treat FSGS are as follows:

Monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies are very useful in treating FSGS and it is designed to stop the attack to kidneys by suppressing T lymphocytes activation and over-reactive immune response. In this way, it can stop the immune inflammatory response immediately.

Blood purification

Blood purification can remove the metabolic toxins such as creatinine, urea as well as pathological antibodies in blood. It can eliminate the inducing factors of inflammatory response.

What Are the Chance of MCD Progressing into FSGS

MCD mainly occurs in children, accounting for 80% cases. It has a favorable prognosis and approximately 90% of the patients are sensitive to hormone. However, its relapse rate is as high as 60%. The patients with frequent relapse are susceptible to develop hormone-resistance or hormone-dependence. MCD can be reversed completely by early and proper treatment. Conversely, if the patients experience frequent relapses, the disease is much likely to turn into Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis and FSGS.

FSGS is a very hard condition to manage. It is reported that the patients will develop Renal Failure within 5~10 years once they are confirmed with the disease. In FSGS, a large part of glomeruli(filters) in kidneys are sclerotic and lose their normal filtering and barrier function. Thereby, a large amount of protein pass through glomeruli, ending up in urine.

So how to prevent MCD from progressing into FSGS?

If the patients with MCD are insensitive to hormone or suffer from frequent episodes, they should seek for an alternative therapy immediately to stop the disease progression.

Immunotherapy is the state-of-the-art therapy for MCD and FSGS. It treats disease aiming at enhancing or suppressing immune response. The ways of immunotherapy used in treating the disease include:

Monoclonal antibody

Monoclonal antibody can bind to and inhibit the activation of T cells to restrain over-reactive immune inflammatory response. In this way, it can rapidly stop further immune injury to kidneys.

Blood purification

Blood purification can clear up the dissociative pathological antibodies,antigens, immune complexes as well as inflammatory factors and harmful substances. Thus, it can stop them from depositing in kidneys further.

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy

Blood purification only works for the harmful substances in blood, but the immune deposits still remain in kidneys to cause damage to kidneys. Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can degrade the immune deposits in kidneys and make them dissolve in blood. Finally, the immune complexes will be filtered by kidneys completely. Also, it can correct immune dysregulation. By this way, the disease will be controlled from its underlying cause.

If MCD is inhibited from progressing, the patients will avoid developing FSGS completely.

Respiratory and Digestive Problem in Chronic Renal Failure

Many patients with Chronic Renal Failure is afflicted with respiratory and digestive problems. In severe case, these problems may interrupt their daily activity significantly and even threaten their life. So, how do these problems occur and how to relieve them effectively?

Respiratory problem in Chronic Renal Failure

Metabolic acidosis is a major cause of respiratory problem. It can cause deep and rapid breath and severely irregular hear beat and even coma. Metabolic acidosis is attributable to the imbalance of acid-base in body. In Renal Failure, impaired kidneys lose the normal regulatory function and the alcaline substances can not neutralize the acid, thus leading to the problem.

Blood collection in lung is also attributable factors for respiratory problems in Chronic Renal Failure. As the impaired kidneys are not function normally to filter extra fluid from body, it will build up in body. In severe case, the lung and even blood vessels at all levels may be filled with fluid. Thus, it can cause difficult and short breath, etc.

Digestive Problem in Chronic Renal Failure

Digestive problems in Chronic Renal Failure mainly include nausea, vomiting, bleeding, etc. Usually, these problems appear along with elevated BUN.

Urea is the end product of proteins and it is filtered out of body by kidneys normally. However, in Chronic Renal Failure, the diseased kidneys fail to finish its job, thus resulting in high levels of urea in body. The urease can decompose the urea into ammonia which can irritate intestinal tract, resulting in digestion disorder.

Usually, dialysis can relieve the mentioned problems by filtering extra fluid and metabolic wastes from body. However, dialysis alone is not enough to manage all the complications of Chronic Renal Failure like skin itching. That is because dialysis only removes the macromolecular toxins like creatinine, BUN, but the remaining toxins like PTH, IL 6, etc still remain in body to do further damage to kidneys. Therefore, the patients' renal function still keep aggravating with dialysis going on.

As the respiratory and digestive Problems are related to impaired kidneys, the primary goal of the treatment should focus on rebuilding the kidney structure and reversing renal function.

Why People with Chronic Renal Failure Have Restless Leg Syndrome

Restless leg syndrome is a common disorder in advanced Chronic Renal Failure. It can make the patients feel extremely uncomfortable and even disturb their sleep. What factors can attribute to restless leg syndrome and how to treat it?

What is restless leg syndrome?

Restless leg syndrome is a disorder, in which the patients feel an uncomfortable sensation in the legs and are compelled to move them. This syndrome usually occurs along with painful sensation, burning sensation and pricking.

What causes of restless leg syndrome in Chronic Renal Failure?

Nerve damage

Diabetes can contribute to restless leg syndrome. Diabetes can damage nerves and tiny blood vessels, thus resulting in the disorder. If the patients have a tight control of blood glucose level, the uncomfortable sensations will be relieved.
Deficient iron and EPO

Healthy kidneys can produce EPO, which is a hormone that helps make red blood cells. However, in Chronic Renal Failure, the malfunctioned kidneys only make little or produce no EPO at all. With low iron levels and fewer red blood cells being made, anemia commonly develop in Chronic Renal Failure.

Low PTH

Increased PTH can increase the patients' risk of developing bone diseases. Therefore, they are usually prescribed medications to control its level tightly. Some researches show that a common trait among patients with restless leg syndrome is that they have low PTH levels.

Treatment for restless leg syndrome in Chronic Renal Failure

After the patients discuss the problem with their doctor, the doctors will firstly make a diagnosis to find out the specific causes. Usually, the following treatment methods are adopted, including

Massage

Warm baths

EPO injection

Iron supplement

Altering PTH treatment

The above treatment methods can relieve the symptoms and discomforts. However, as restless leg syndrome results from impaired kidney function. The primary goal of the therapy should aim to restore the impaired kidney structure and recover its secretory and excretory function. Once the kidneys are restored very well, the relative symptoms and discomforts related to Chronic Renal Failure will disappear gradually.

Know about Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic Nephropathy is one of the most serious complications coming from Diabetes. It is also the major culprits accounting for the deaths of diabetics. Since we have already know the serious consequences of the disease, then how to prevent it from happening and progressing?

The main pathological changes of Diabetic Nephropathy occur in glomerulosclerosis, hyaline change in renal arteriole, the thickening of glomerular basement membrane and expanded mesangial area etc. Diabetic Nephropathy usually is divided into five stages in line with the severity of illness condition. In stage one, no obvious pathological changes occur. The kidney volume enlarged in some patients. In stage 2, still no significant symptoms appear. Sometimes, the patients may suffer from a elevated blood pressure. When the medical condition progresses to stage 3, proteinuria attacks along with the high blood pressure. There stands a chance to reverse the condition in this stage. But if left untreated or choose to ignore, the disease will progress to stage 4 rapidly, which is also called clinical diabetic kidney disease. It is characterized as heavy and persistent albuminuria in accordance with the increasingly elevated blood pressure. ESRD or End-stage Renal Disease shows up when one’s serum creatinine level exceeds 2.0mg/dl. More often than not, Patients with ESRD often live with notably swelling and high blood pressure.

According to the serum creatinine (Scr) level, ESRD can be classified into 3 stages. The first stage is called Chronic Renal Insufficiency as its serum creatinine is no less than 2.0mg/dl. Chronic Renal Failure occurs as the Scr exceeds 5.0mg/dl, this is the second stage. If one’s Scr level reaches up to 8.0mg/dl, then uremia (End-stage Renal Failure) it is.

Here I kindly remind that the diabetics receive dialysis much earlier than ESRD patients induced by other diseases. This is mainly because the diabetes is much more serious than any other diseases. For those who live with diabetes for years, take regular work-ups is vital to your quality of life. Monitor your kidney function from time to time by receiving right tests.

Damages of Diabetic Complications

Clinically, diabetes are classified into two types, with Diabete I being caused by insufficient insulin secretion of βcells and Diabete II being caused by other three factors, namely, structurally abnormal insulin secretion ofβcells, low sensitivity to insulin stimulation of receptors, dysfunction of glycoprotein.

Due to gene defects, there are obstacles in insulin secretion and being received by receptors. As a result, glucose, aliphatic acid and amino acid can not be transported to body cells. The retention of these substances easily leads to Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipemia and Hyperlipoproteinemia.

The retention of these substances increases the viscosity of blood and slows down the speed of blood circulation. Thus, lipoprotein will gradually deposit on vascular endothelial cells and forms lipid capsule. The deposition of lipoprotein can also trigger the Oxidative damage mechanism. Lipid peroxidation gives birth to mass of radicals which are destructive to cell membrane. As cell membranes are exactly where insulin receptors exist, the damages of cell membrane aggravates the insensitivity to insulin of these receptors. In addition, the formation of lipid capsule also obstacles the connection between insulin and insulin receptors, which further enhance the illness condition of glucose, lipid and protein retention in blood.

Insufficient amino acid absorption of the Liver and muscle leads to decline of protein synthesis and metabolism and increase of protein catabolism. And this gives rise to negative nitrogen balance.

Due to problems with insulin secretion or reception, glucose can not be used to support cellular metabolic activities, so there will be more lipodieresis which increases the lipid content in blood. The oxidation of aliphatic in the liver gives birth to mass of ketenes which are harmful to the body.